Early antiretroviral therapy favors post-treatment SIV control associated with the expansion of enhanced memory CD8+ T-cells - Institut Pasteur Accéder directement au contenu
Article Dans Une Revue Nature Communications Année : 2024

Early antiretroviral therapy favors post-treatment SIV control associated with the expansion of enhanced memory CD8+ T-cells

Adeline Mélard
Hugo Mouquet
Véronique Avettand-Fenoël

Résumé

Abstract HIV remission can be achieved in some people, called post-treatment HIV controllers, after antiretroviral treatment discontinuation. Treatment initiation close to the time of infection was suggested to favor post-treatment control, but the circumstances and mechanisms leading to this outcome remain unclear. Here we evaluate the impact of early (week 4) vs. late (week 24 post-infection) treatment initiation in SIVmac 251 -infected male cynomolgus macaques receiving 2 years of therapy before analytical treatment interruption. We show that early treatment strongly promotes post-treatment control, which is not related to a lower frequency of infected cells at treatment interruption. Rather, early treatment favors the development of long-term memory CD8 + T cells with enhanced proliferative and SIV suppressive capacity that are able to mediate a robust secondary-like response upon viral rebound. Our model allows us to formally demonstrate a link between treatment initiation during primary infection and the promotion of post-treatment control and provides results that may guide the development of new immunotherapies for HIV remission.
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pasteur-04598798 , version 2 (03-06-2024)
pasteur-04598798 , version 1 (03-06-2024)

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Caroline Passaes, Delphine Desjardins, Anaïs Chapel, Valérie Monceaux, Julien Lemaitre, et al.. Early antiretroviral therapy favors post-treatment SIV control associated with the expansion of enhanced memory CD8+ T-cells. Nature Communications, 2024, 15 (1), pp.178. ⟨10.1038/s41467-023-44389-3⟩. ⟨pasteur-04598798v2⟩
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