Article Dans Une Revue Journal of Infectious Diseases Année : 2023

APOBEC3F Is a Mutational Driver of the Human Monkeypox Virus Identified in the 2022 Outbreak

Résumé

Background On May 6, 2022, a powerful outbreak of monkeypox virus (MPXV) had been reported outside of Africa, with many continuing new cases being reported around the world. Analysis of mutations among the 2 different lineages present in the 2021 and 2022 outbreaks revealed the presence of G->A mutations occurring in the 5′GpA context, indicative of APOBEC3 cytidine deaminase activity. Methods By using a sensitive polymerase chain reaction (differential DNA denaturation PCR) method allowing differential amplification of AT-rich DNA, we analyzed the level of APOBEC3-induced MPXV editing in infected cells and in patients. Results We demonstrate that G->A hypermutated MPXV genomes can be recovered experimentally from APOBEC3 transfection followed by MPXV infection. Here, among the 7 human APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases (A3A-A3C, A3DE, A3F–A3H), only APOBEC3F was capable of extensively deaminating cytidine residues in MPXV genomes. Hyperedited genomes were also recovered in ∼42% of analyzed patients. Moreover, we demonstrate that substantial repair of these mutations occurs. Upon selection, corrected G->A mutations escaping drift loss contribute to the MPXV evolution observed in the current epidemic. Conclusions Stochastic or transient overexpression of the APOBEC3F gene exposes the MPXV genome to a broad spectrum of mutations that may be modeling the mutational landscape after multiple cycles of viral replication.
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pasteur-04328451 , version 1 (07-12-2023)

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Rodolphe Suspène, Kyle A Raymond, Laetitia Boutin, Sophie Guillier, Frédéric Lemoine, et al.. APOBEC3F Is a Mutational Driver of the Human Monkeypox Virus Identified in the 2022 Outbreak. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2023, 228 (10), pp.1421-1429. ⟨10.1093/infdis/jiad165⟩. ⟨pasteur-04328451⟩
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