Article Dans Une Revue Viruses Année : 2024

Re-Emergence of Rift Valley Fever Virus Lineage H in Senegal in 2022: In Vitro Characterization and Impact on Its Global Emergence in West Africa

Ousseynou Sene
Idrissa Dieng
Aboubacry Gaye
Moussa Dia
Elisabeth Thérèse Faye
Boly Diop
Cheikh Loucoubar
Diawo Diallo
Oumar Faye
Moussa Moise Diagne
Marie Henriette Dior Ndione
Gamou Fall

Résumé

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a re-emerging vector-borne zoonosis with a high public health and veterinary impact. In West Africa, many lineages were previously detected, but since 2020, lineage H from South Africa has been the main cause of the outbreaks. In this study, clinical samples collected through national surveillance were screened for RVF virus (RVFV) acute infection by RT-PCR and IgM ELISA tests. Sequencing, genome mapping and in vitro phenotypic characterization in mammal cells were performed on RT-PCR positive samples in comparison with other epidemic lineages (G and C). Four RVFV human cases were detected in Senegal and the sequence analyses revealed that the strains belonged to lineage H. The in vitro kinetics and genome mapping showed different replication efficiency profiles for the tested RVFV lineages and non-conservative mutations, which were more common to lineage G or specific to lineage H. Our findings showed the re-emergence of lineage H in Senegal in 2022, its high viral replication efficiency in vitro and support the findings that genetic diversity affects viral replication. This study gives new insights into the biological properties of lineage H and calls for deeper studies to better assess its potential to cause a future threat in Senegal.

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Virologie
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Dates et versions

hal-04932547 , version 1 (07-02-2025)

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Ousseynou Sene, Samba Niang Sagne, Ndeye Sakha Bob, Moundhir Mhamadi, Idrissa Dieng, et al.. Re-Emergence of Rift Valley Fever Virus Lineage H in Senegal in 2022: In Vitro Characterization and Impact on Its Global Emergence in West Africa. Viruses, 2024, 16 (7), pp.1018. ⟨10.3390/v16071018⟩. ⟨hal-04932547⟩
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